提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍13篇

时间:2022-11-03 04:14:00 综合范文

  下面是范文网小编收集的提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍13篇,以供借鉴。

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍13篇

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍1

  GMAT写作速度提升方法

  GMAT写作考试的备&考温习中,考生若想进步本人作文构思的速度,那么就要处理思想方面的问题,也就是学会用英语(论坛)构思作文,由于这样的构思减少了翻译的过程。试想一下,假如考生运用汉语构思,在列出文章大纲之后,还要逐字逐句地将其翻译成相对应的英语,然后再准备资料组织阐述,这势必会糜费很多写作的珍贵时间。GMAT考试的温习备考中,写作资源是来自方方面面的,英语思想的锻炼也是与各项温习同步停止的,考生做过的GMAT阅读、语法、逻辑等标题都能够成为作文考试的备&考资源。GMAT考试的备考温习中,逻辑标题向考生说明了句子的逻辑关系,考生能够根据这些关系来组织本人立论和驳论文的根本框架,在论述观念时标明本人的逻辑剖析才能。

  背诵优美文章为GMAT写作速度提高的内功

  GMAT的语法标题能够协助&考生学会适用、简约、分明地表达本人的意义,美化句子。而阅读方面,考生能够从中学习一些长难句,并学习作者立论和证明论点的过程,学习其中的过渡段落等等。GMAT写作考试的备&考温习中,考试在充沛应用阅读、逻辑、语法标题停止英语思想转换之后,还要多阅读一些范文,学习他人行文的办法,使之转化成本人的资源,并且多加练习,一朝一夕写作就不是一件难事了。

  提高自己打字速度为GMAT写作提高的外功

  GMAT写作考试的备&考温习中,还有一项影响写作速度的就是考生的打字速度。打字功夫不是一天练出来的,要保证速度,还要保证正确率,我在第一次考试时,以为本人经过在北京新东方上得几节课,加上本人的练习肯定能拿高分的。可是却由于键盘输入的问题呈现一些原本能够防止的'错误,招致我作文成果很差。其实GMAT写作考试并不一定请求考生必需会盲打,有些人习气了汉语的输入法,由于能够应用输入法的联想功用,而输入单词时,这样的优势就没有了,常常会由于不熟习键盘或者慌张形成单词的拼写错误。在这里倡议大家平常写作时就刻意地增强键盘的练习,本人手写出来的文章也要用键盘输到电脑里,并且严厉规则输入的时间。我倡议那些对电脑指法不熟习的考生每天用半个小时左右的时间练习打字,在输入单词时心中默念单词,防止输入错误,尽量使输入不连续,这样能够保证你的英语思想不被打乱。

  GMAT写作的备&考温习中,应当留意的一点是,字数多不代表废话多,考生一定不要为了凑字数而生搬硬套,将一个观念反复表述,最重要的还是要注重段落内部及段落间逻辑的转换以及言语的运用,只要逻辑明晰、言辞精确,才干够称得上一篇好文章,也才会得到称心的分数。

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍2

  写作速度的正确方法

  一、加强基础练习

  考生在托福独立写作时之所以会感觉时间不够用,要么是在组织文章结构上有困难,要么就是打字速度慢。考生遇到这种情况,一定要分析自身的原因,寻找解决的办法。

  如果是因为不会组织文章结构,那么考生可以认真研究一下近几年的托福写作机经,将机经中的题目一一列出提纲,然后参考范文,对我们的思路进行补充和纠正。之所以研究机经,是因为新托福写作考试独立写作题目经常会出现重复的情况,如果熟悉机经题目,考试中遇到原题就可以节省大量的思考时间。如果是因为打字速度慢导致写不完,那么考生可以在平时找一些英语材料,多练习打字,提高打字速度。

  二、加强模考练习

  为了避免出现考试答不完的情况,考生在平时就要养成限时练习的'习惯,严格要求自己在规定考试时间内完成写作。有些考生习惯了在没有时间压力的情况下进行练习,虽然最后写出的文章思路清晰、内容丰富,但是这种答题方式不利于在考场上发挥出真正水平。如果考生在规定时间内完不成写作,一定要认真分析原因。如果是在思路组织或者打字速度上出了问题,那么就按照以上方法加强基础练习。如果是在内容展开方面出现了问题,那么平时就要注意多积累一些素材和范例,以便在考试中借鉴和引用。总之,考生在考场上要把握好时间,不要因为时间问题而导致失分。

  三、积累写作素材

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍3

  考生在托福独立写作时之所以会感觉时间不够用,要么是在组织文章结构上有困难,要么就是打字速度慢。考生遇到这种情况,一定要分析自身的原因,寻找解决的办法。

  如果是因为不会组织文章结构,那么考生可以认真研究一下近几年的托福写作机经,将机经中的题目一一列出提纲,然后参考范文,对我们的思路进行补充和纠正。之所以研究机经,是因为新托福写作考试独立写作题目经常会出现重复的情况,如果熟悉机经题目,考试中遇到原题就可以节省大量的思考时间。如果是因为打字速度慢导致写不完,那么考生可以在平时找一些英语材料,多练习打字,提高打字速度。

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍4

  托福独立写作如何提升速度?3个合理分配时间小TIPS分享

  托福独立写作审题环节时间分配建议

  托福独立写作的第一步是审题、确定托福立场、列出理由(只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由,防止遗忘),最少3分钟最多5分钟。要避免两个极端:

  a.用时太少,理由没有想清楚就开始写,不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清,还会引起行文中频繁的修正,欲速则不达;

  b.用时太多,不要追求一次思考就能把每一条理由及相关例证都想出来。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔,各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写。这一点你不必怀疑,只要你的思维还是正常的,一定能做到。

  托福独立写作正文用时细节建议

  托福正文写作最少22分钟最多26分钟:

  a.各段写作时,注意对段落的不同部分给予不同的重视。主题句给予最大重视,注意炼句,别说你不想写主题句,主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。各段中支持性细节写作不必遵循相同的模式。

  有n种选择可供参考:1.举具体事例;2.说对方相对缺点;3.使用数据;4.使用假想例子;5.使用类比、比喻、引用等修辞手段来论述。哪一种你最容易想出来,就用哪一种。

  b.考前将文章开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句型背熟练,并且练习和模考时把他们用熟,要象做完型填空一样对待考场作文。别试图在考场上再去临时决定比如哪种开头好,怎样结尾好。使用自己选种的套话。

  c.当被告知还有5分钟结束时,一般你应该已经写到最后一条理由,或者已经在做结尾。要确保文章有结尾段(不排除将它和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性)。

  托福独立写作检查环节需要用多少时间?

  托福写作写完还有检查环节要做好,检查需要1-3分钟,考生要有侧重点地检查:

  a.句法:确保每句话是完整的,有谓语,且简单句只有一个谓语。

  b.时态:文章绝大部分使用的是一般现在时;一般现在时第三人称要使用单数;使用过去发生的事例时用的是过去时;c.主谓一致按此三步,持续练习5篇以上,可以确保时间问题。

  E-rater文章查重 托福写作模板还能不能用

  根据上述大家的疑惑,今天就从四个维度来和大家聊聊托福写作评分。

  一、揭密E-Rater评分系统

  到目前为止,ETS是全球最大的测试服务机构之一。每年都能积累大量的文章数据,并不断地进行数据更新,其评分系统也是在持续智能化提升。E-Rater则更像是一个运算系统,能将输入的文章内容和数据库里的内容进行对比和批阅,这也增强了评分的广泛度和灵活度。

  而托福写作中,E-Rater负责的Linguistic部分主要是是考察大家如下几个维度:

  Organization&Development(文章组织和发展):主题句,主题词等。

  Grammar(语法):包括主谓一致、单复数、run-on句子、不完整句子等。

  Usage(用词):冠词使用、介词、形容词副词混淆、单词形式错误、口语用词等。

  Mechanics(格式):包括拼写、大小写、标点符号等。

  Style(语言风格):词汇的重复率、词汇使用是否恰当、并列连词、长短句子数量、语态等。

  二、E-Rater新出小动作

  其实在11月某场托福考试中,独立写作题目下面特地用一行灰色的小字标注:Do not use memorized examples。不要死记硬背套用模板!根据目前各位小伙伴们反应的情况来看,ETS老奶奶很可能又建立了用于查重的作文资料库。这就不明觉厉了。

  也就是说,网上那些流传的模板,还有你历次考试的试卷,都能在库里搜集到。只要考试时一套用模板,系统就会立即发现这篇文章和资料库里的文章有大量重叠。

  这时候无论你文章写得再好,语句逻辑多么流畅,也都别想会拿到高分了。只要不是极低分就该谢谢自己运气爆棚了。

  三、是否还有安全的写作模板

  请提出这个问题的朋友们醒醒吧。

  虽然很理解大家之前辛辛苦苦背了很久模板,突然不能用了这种感觉。但是各位真的不要再想着套用模板了!

  连自己考试时写过的作文再套用,都可能得低分。更何况你是随手百度来、老师给的通用模板,都不知道在系统里出现过多少次了,分数只会更低。

  当然,如果不死心的小伙伴,也可以自己尝试一下创作模板,写和别人完全不一样的。但这需要老师帮忙更改,注意语法语句等错误。

  不过小助手还是不建议这样做啦。毕竟考一次托福价格也摆在那里,自己的时间成本也相当重要,没必要以身犯险哦。所以,模板什么的,请下定决心抛弃吧。

  四、如何系统性练习托福写作

  既然ETS做事这么雷厉风行,断了大家用模板的路,那么小助手为大家扒出一些托福独立写作的备考策略,希望能多多帮助到大家。

  1、积累语料

  虽然大面积的套用模板是不行了,但是我们可以学习句式啊。用一些好的句式结构,加上自己想说的语句,这样又是一段新的文章啦。

  比如:A give B a huge advantage over C

  结构来源:It may seem that this cultural continuity gives us a huge advantage over ants.

  模仿使用:The low price of labor gives China a huge advantage over other countries.

  2、不断练习,精进写作能力

  总归来说,托福写作还是需要不断练习,精进写作能力,以自己过硬的实力应对考试的各种变化。

  关于语法、思路内容方面的细节,都是我们写下来才会被发现。在练习时还来得及纠错,等拖到考试时再发现可就晚了。

  基础比较好的同学呢,可以给自己限时写一篇完整的文章。基础不太好的同学那就就可以先练习不限时,或者写一两个小段落,熟悉熟悉各种词汇的运用。

  好啦,以上就是关于托福写作模板的相关分析啦。小伙伴们最主要的还是要专心备考,增强自己的写作能力。这样不管以后ETS老奶奶再有什么变化,各位都能见招拆招,取得理想成绩

  托福写作语料库积累:哪种朋友最重要

  Thefriends that you can have fun with are more important than the friends that you canget help from?

  你喜欢交可以给你带来快乐的朋友还是可以帮助你的朋友?

  托福写作语料库

  1. A close and congenial friend is what every individual aspires after.

  拥有亲密无间的和志同道合的朋友是人人都渴望的。

【 点评】:…… is what every individual aspires after …… 是人人渴望的

【点评】:congenial friends = like-minded friends n 志同道合的朋友

  2. A day without friendship is like a day without sunshine.

  没有友谊的生活就像是没有阳光的生活。

【点评】:个性开篇,谈及友谊对于生活的意义。

  3. a trustworthy friend n 值得信赖的朋友

【点评】:trustworthy = reliable adj 可以信赖的

  4. Those who can go through thick and thin together with you

  那些可以和你风雨同舟的人(作家文采)

  5. a shoulder to cry on n

  可以提供慰藉的人

【点评】:该短语是口语用法,比较地道,写作中可使用一次,体现表达的丰富。

  6. a humorous friend = a friend with great sense of humor n 一个幽默的朋友

  7. enjoy wonderful time together = have fun together v 一起享受欢乐时光

  8.sincere friends n 真诚的朋友

  9. intimate friends n 亲密的朋友

  10. bosom friends n 密友;知己

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍5

  托福阅读如何提升做题速度?请先解决这3个拖后腿原因

  托福阅读做题慢原因分析:基本功不扎实

  同样一个单词,对于认识的学生和需要上下文语境理解的学生来说,显然前者更快。所谓的巧妇难为无米之炊就是这个道理。同样的一个句子,有的同学读了一遍,意思就在脑子存在了,而有的同学却是需要反复读句子,断句,分析意群,还有可能理解错了,如果文章都理解错了,那么想做题做对就难了。

  所以,磨刀不误砍柴工,时间充裕的同学,在备考之初,努力打下坚实的词汇和读句子的基础是明智之举。

  托福阅读做题慢原因分析:对待考试的态度决定你的速度

  小编曾听一些托福老师反映,常会遇见这样的学生,距离考前还有1个月或者一周来上课。有位老师甚至接过考前一天找她上课的学生,说老师你帮我把题型过一遍,明天就考试了,我熟悉一下。这样的做法小编不能说一点用没有,确实也会有帮助。必须承认,出国类的考试确实有一些规律可循,可以利用,这也是托福老师的任务,总结规律,抓住规律,帮助学生考到理想的分数。

  但是想拔高,想拿到高分,不能只靠捷径,不能只靠技巧。

  托福阅读做题慢原因分析:做题数量不够导致做题慢

  导致做题慢的另外一个原因就是做题少。做题规律好说,但是真正落实笔头上的练习才是最重要的。就像我们中国的高考,一般的规律都是,各科老师会在高一高二把知识点讲解完毕,最多也会在高三上学期把各科的知识点讲解收尾,留下将近一年的时间进行刷题模考练习,其用意无外乎就是学以致用,把学过的规律活学活用,在规定的时间内完美的呈现在考卷上。

  这也是为什么小编不是特别推荐“临时抱佛脚”。没有大批量的做题练习,就不会引起质量的变化。同样,做题时间是需要刷题来缩短的。所以Practice makes prerfect是真理。

  关于学生在规定时间内,也就是1个小时不能完成3篇托福阅读还有很多其他的原因,比如不适应机考,比如自己会无限制的脑补等等,但是以上提及的3条如果能够对症下药,克服掉,那么阅读的时间不再会是问题。

  托福阅读长难句:教师教学

  This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.(TPO9, 45)

  paucity /?p?s?ti/ n.少量,少许,少数

  This was justified (by the view) (that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.)(TPO9, 45)

  分析:

  修饰一:(bythe view),介词短语,修饰justified

  中文:通过这个观点

  修饰二:(that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.),超级无敌长的同位语从句,解释view的内容,在从句中还有一个并列结构A and B

  中文:反思实践可以帮助教师带着更多思考去融入他们在教学中的角色和工作,并使他们能在教学法中处理科学事实的缺乏和知识的不确定。

  参考翻译:

  这是合理的,因为基于这样的观点:反思实践可以帮助教师带着更多思考去融入他们在教学中的角色和工作,并使他们能在教学法中处理科学事实的缺乏和知识的不确定。

  这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语和从句,大家务必想清楚,每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么,才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

  托福阅读长难句:云层吸收地面逆辐射

  托福长难句拆解实例

  对处于托福备考初期的考生来说,影响阅读单科成绩的两大基本功无外乎词汇和语法。

  托福考试词汇量一般要求7000-10000不等。短期来看,阅读过程中遇到过多生词造成的卡顿会严重拖慢当时的阅读速度,进而降低解题速度及准确率;长期而言,过多生词会抑制阅读兴趣,导致没有动力去主动积累各类文章泛读量,进而妨碍整体阅读速度的提升。备考初期突击解决托福阅读中生词问题,往往需要集中精力用2个月甚至更长时间。

  然而,考生们经常遇到的另一个问题是,尽管一个长句里没有生词,但因包含复杂的结构造成全局理解障碍。其实,我们只要具备基本的高中语法知识,仅需1到2周语法强化拆解训练,即可达到读懂任何没有生词的长难句的水平。

  遇到长难句(排除生词的情况),一遍读不懂时,我们可以先试着找出它的主干。主干相当于句子的骨架,包含要表达的主要信息。句子除主干外,往往含有其它各种成分,这些相当于句子的血肉(通常包含大量附加信息)。拆解长难句,即准确识别句子各个组成部分,理清句子中任何词/词组/从句的语法功能,继而读懂整句。

  下面,我们用一个例句演示拆解过程。

  although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.

  1. 句首的“although”引导让步状语从句,于是“these molecules”属于这个从句。“allow radiation”形成动宾关系,且跟前面的“these molecules”紧邻,那么这三者形成了一个完整的主谓宾结构;

  2. “visible wavelengths”被“at”间隔紧随“radiation”后,形成“名词+介词+名词”结构。这种结构中,介词+后面的名词做前名词的后置定语;

  3. “where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated” 在句中做定语从句,修饰离它最近的名词(一般情况下定语从句修饰离它最近的名词,但反例也很多,我们可借助句意辅助判断)“visible wavelengths”;

  4. 把上面的定语,定语从句忽略掉,可以看出“although”后面简化后即“these molecules allow radiation to pass through”。不定式“to pass through”在这个让步状语从句中做小一级别的目的状语。

  5. 让步状语从句之后,“they absorb”明显成为主语的主谓,其中“they”指代复数名词“molecules”;

  6. “absorb”的宾语相对隐蔽。仔细看我们会发现“radiated from the Earth’s surface”为典型的过去分词短语做名词“emissions”后置定语;而前面的“the longer-wavelength, infrared”则做“emissions”的前置定语。这时可以看出“emissions”是主句宾语;

  7. 最后一个逗号后的名词“radiation”后紧跟了以“that”为标志的后置定语从句,于是我们可以把它看成词组。进一步细查otherwise我们会看到这些“radiation”就是前面出现的“emissions”, 它或者“be absorbed by ‘these molecules’ ”或者“be transmitted back into space”。于是 “radiation”一直到结尾做“emissions”的同位语。

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍6

  很多同学阅读分数提不上去的一大原因就是因为阅读速度太慢。托福阅读篇幅较长,内容偏学术,如果阅读速度提不上去,肯定会影响阅读成绩。那么我们应该如何提升阅读速度呢?

  托福阅读备考:托福阅读速度如何提升?

  影响托福阅读速度的因素有很多,比如阅读文章不理解,很多词汇不认识,文章内容太枯燥,长难句太多……想要提升托福阅读速度就要从根本上解决这些问题。托福阅读考试时间非常紧张,平均每道题的做题时间仅有不到2分钟。所以快速阅读能力在托福考试中非常重要,希望大家能重视起来。

  一. 阅读文章读不懂,如何提升阅读速度

  托福阅读文章还是有一定难度的,很多同学初次接触托福都觉得托福文章读不懂或者需要花费很久才能弄懂意思。那么读不懂文章如何提升阅读速度呢?从根本上讲,阅读读不懂是因为词汇量和语法基础太差。所以建议先背托福词汇,看一遍基础语法知识。词汇是阅读的根基,没有词汇量做基础,阅读速度是不可能有很大提升的。托福阅读要求大家有很快的阅读速度,如果一篇阅读中生词太多,就算快速读完也不知道文章的意思。除了背单词之外,还要掌握基本的语法知识,英语句子结构与中文很不相同,掌握语法知识有助于大家理解文章中的长难句。所以总的来说,文章读不懂要先将基本功练扎实。

  二. 题目做太慢,如何提升做题速度

  有的同学表示,阅读文章能读懂,但就是题目做的太慢,所以做阅读总是超时。题目做的慢,其实是因为缺乏做题技巧,不能快速在原文中定位题目位置。阅读打好基础以后,要学习一些做题的技巧,比如小结题应该通读文章段落找答案,推理题要根据文章意思推理得出,词汇题要将选项带入原句看是否通顺……做题技巧是提升阅读做题速度的高效方法。托福阅读题目是按顺序出题,基本上按照文章的文章结构对应题目,大家在做题的时候要快速定位题目位置,结合上下文快速选出答案。托福阅读题目中很多选项似是而非非常具有迷惑性,一定要提高辨别能力,选择最佳选项。

  三. 课外练习很重要

  托福阅读速度考验大家的英语基本功,提升阅读速度也需要大家在利用空暇时间多练习。多刷题是有帮助的,除了刷题之外,大家还要多去阅读英文报刊杂志。很多同学看到一篇冗长的托福阅读时,心里的压力感倍增,感觉似乎“不可能完成”。大家平时在课余时间多读英文报刊杂志,就会习惯英语的长篇文章,能减少心理上的压力感,也能提升自己的阅读速度。而且大家在阅读英文报刊杂志的过程中还能积累生词,扩充知识面,可谓一举多得,何乐而不为。

  托福阅读素材:伊斯兰国的古董交易

  a ”terrorist startup with a clearly defined business model“ is how religious historian Karen Armstrong describes Islamic State. The radical Islamist group is the world’s richest terrorist organisation – those who have seen the group’s grotesque propaganda videos may notice fleets of brand-new 4x4s its members drive.

  but where does the money come from? Analysis suggests donations, smuggled oil (up to $1.645m a day), kidnapping (at least $20m last year), people trafficking, extortion, robbery and last – but not least – the sale of antiquities. It’s a lucrative source of income – for example, the sale of looted items from al-Nabuk, west of Damascus, is reported to have earned IS $36m.

  IS operates in the richest archaeological arena in the world, the cradle of civilisation. While ancient sites at Nimrud, Nineveh and Hatra are being destroyed, a stream of artefacts suspected to come from such places has appeared on the black market. IS either uses so-called ‘bulldozer archaeology’ (unearthing sites using any equipment available which is extraordinarily destructive), or employs locals to dig up sites and tombs. The group then takes a tax, approved by Sharia law, based on the value of any treasure taken. No-one knows what has come out of the ground and such loot is impossible to identify later.

  Do not be fooled by the video of IS in Mosul Museum smashing ancient Assyrian statues which it claimed were ”worthless idols“. IS may have defaced important monuments, which it cannot sell, but evidence suggests it is trading in moveable objects, which it can. In any case, the statues in the museum were plaster copies. ”None of the artefacts is an original,” says the head of Iraq's national antiquities department Fawzye al-Mahdi.

“They were copies of the originals in Baghdad Museum made when Iraq was building regional museums”, says Dr Mark Altaweel, of the Institute of Archaeology at University College London. But large-scale looting has been taking place in Mosul for at least 25 years, with Western demand very high, he adds.

  The smaller, the better

  arthur Brand, of Amsterdam-based Artiaz, one of a growing number of firms which tries to locate stolen art, has dubbed the illicit trade “blood antiques”. While antiques are usually less transportable than blood diamonds, they are potentially far more valuable.

  There are numerous reports of antiques from Syria and Iraq circulating in the European black market. Reportedly, Scotland Yard has four investigations in progress related to Syrian antiques – but without much greater financial help, closing down the networks that move the loot around the world seems an impossible task.

“The looters tap into well-established old networks using smuggling routes that often go through Turkey and Lebanon,” says Dr Altaweel.

  among items in demand are ancient cuneiform tablets, cylinder seals, jars, coins, glass and particularly mosaics, which can be easily broken up and transported. The smaller and easier to conceal and transport an object is, the more valuable it could be.

  christopher Marinello, a spokesman for London-based Art Recovery Group, which advises buyers on due diligence, says there has been intense speculation about the value of looted art. “There are a lot of figures floating around”, he says. “Theoretically, tainted objects are worth a fraction of their true value but it all depends on practicality. A large object that is not legitimate may be worth only 10-15% of its true value in the black market but smaller, more easily transported pieces can be worth a much greater percentage.”

  Smaller, more easily transported pieces can fetch much more on the black market than large artefacts (Credit: Getty)

  IS is not the first terrorist organisation to use blood antiques for funding. In 1974, the IRA stole old master paintings, including Vermeer's Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid, from a house in County Wicklow. The works were then valued at $12m.

  Smash and grab

  Very few of the thousands of artefacts looted in Syria and Iraq will ever see the light of day. They will disappear into private collections and vaults largely in Europe and America – where there is specific demand for pre-Islamic items – and in Japan and Australia. If items are recovered it usually takes years for investigators to secure convictions.

  Last month, the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) displayed some 60 artefacts that had been recovered, including a magnificent head of the Assyrian King Sargon II, valued at $1.2m. Operation Lost Treasure (a name suggestive of a Hollywood film) dates back to when word came of Dubai-based antiques dealer Hassan Fazeli shipping illegal goods to the US.

  Turkey was listed as the country of origin and documents declared the value of the Sargon II head as $6,500. Other smuggled items included an Egyptian funerary boat valued at $57,000. Some shipments were directly linked to major museums, galleries and art houses in New York. The investigation was unique in bringing money laundering charges which allowed agents to seize bank accounts containing the proceeds.

  However, the items recovered by ICE date back to the Iraq war. Knowing that the war would inflict terrible damage, archaeologists, museum directors and other members of the art world met with Pentagon officials in to convince them to protect the archeological sites. The initiative failed. Instead, US forces notoriously turned Babylon into what was dubbed 'the Hanging Gardens of Halliburton', building a camp on the precious archaeological site.

  This ancient Sumerian statue is among thousands of ancient looted treasures stolen from the National Museum in Baghdad in 2003 (Credit: AFP/Getty Images)

  The Pentagon meeting also failed to prevent the looting of the National Museum in Baghdad. On the contrary, looting was encouraged under the logic that the collections would be safer elsewhere. As Ashton Hawkings of the American Council for Cultural Property said: ”the legitimate dispersal of cultural material through the market“ was the best way to protect treasures.

  It was effectively an invitation to loot. More than 15,000 objects, including jewellery, ceramics, and sculptures, were stolen from the museum. The most famous pieces stolen were the 5,000-year-old Warka vase (later recovered in 14 pieces) and the Lyre of Ur, the world's most ancient musical instrument, likewise found badly damaged.

  Hundreds have never been found and five centuries of Ottoman records were lost, as well as works by Picasso and Miró, which were destroyed by fire. One estimate of the loss attributable to art theft in Iraq is $10bn.

  The sliced head of a bull stolen from an archaeological site in Nineva, Iraq came the National Museum in Baghdad after it was confiscated from thieves (Credit: AFP/Getty Images)

  Looted artefacts pass through many hands before emerging in on the market and may not appear for decades. Lynda Albertson, president of the Association for Research of Crimes against Art, says it is impossible to quantify how much money IS makes on the black market because it may take years for a looted item to appear there. For example, Cambodian antiquities from Angkor Wat turned up at auction 40 years after the end of the civil war.

  collectors willing to buy art without a clear provenance bear a huge responsibility for the destruction of heritage sites across the world, but it has become a very dangerous game. The well-known Turkish and Beirut smugglers who probably moved the Sargon II head have gone further underground and are extremely suspicious of buyers. Not only could they face exposure and loss, if objects are known to have been obtained from IS, they could even be charged with aiding terrorism – arguably the most powerful deterrent yet.

  参考译文

  宗教历史学家 凯伦·阿姆斯特朗 这样描述伊斯兰国:一个靠商业成长起来的恐怖组织。这个激进的伊斯兰团队是全球最富有的恐怖组织,那些看过这个组织诡异的宣传视频的人可能会注意到它的成员们所驾驶的全新的4X4编队。

  但是他们的钱从哪里来呢?有分析认为资金来源于捐赠,偷运石油(每天可收获164.5万),绑架(去年至少收获2千万),非法交易,敲诈,抢劫,最后还有一个很重要的经济来源——古董交易。这是非常丰厚的经济来源,比如,从大马士革西部al-Nabuk抢来的东西据称是卖到了三千六百万。

  伊斯兰国活动在世界上考古资源最为丰富的地区,这些地区是文明的摇篮。当尼姆伍德,尼尼微和哈特拉的古代遗址都被毁坏的时候,黑市里随即出现了一批文物,人们怀疑这些物品就是来自上述遗址中。伊斯兰国要么使用所谓的“推土考古”(用有巨大破坏力的设备来发掘遗址),要么雇用当地人来挖遗址或陵墓。然后这个组织开始了被伊斯兰教法所认同的征税,税收依宝物的价值来定。没有人知道从地里挖出来的是什么,这些赃物以后也不可能被鉴别出来。

  别被伊斯兰国在摩苏尔博物馆毁坏古代亚述王国雕像的视频所迷惑,认为这些雕塑是没用的神像。伊斯兰国可能已损坏了有重要意义的纪念碑的外观,这些东西太重无法出售。但是有证据显示,他们在售卖易于搬动的物品。但不管怎么说,这些在博物馆的雕像是石灰复制品。“所有这些东西都不是真的,”伊拉克国家文物局的局长说到。

  当伊拉克在建造地区的博物馆时,他们把巴格达博物馆的物品复制了过来“,来自伦敦大学考古系的马克·奥特韦尔博士说。但是在摩苏尔的大规模抢夺已有25年,在欧洲很有市场。

  越小,越好

  越来越多的公司试图寻找被偷走的艺术品,来自阿姆斯特丹的亚瑟·布兰德就是其中一个,他把这场违法的交易称作”血腥古董“。古董相比血钻(非洲钻石交易残忍血腥,所以被称作血钻)来说,不易运输,所以他们更加值钱。

  有大量报道称来自叙利亚和伊拉克的古董在欧洲黑市上流通。据报道,苏格兰法庭有四场正在进行中的调查,都和叙利亚古董藏品有关,但是没有更多的经济支援,想要关闭脏品交易网络是不可能的。

  抢夺者可以轻松地进入发展成熟的交易网络,偷运路线通常是穿过土耳其和黎巴嫩。奥特韦尔博士说。

  这些物品有古代楔形文字板,滚筒印,罐子,钱币,玻璃制品,还有很火的马赛克镶嵌工艺,他们都很容易被损坏,却也很容易运输。越小,越容易隐藏和运输的东西就越值钱。

  来自伦敦的文物追寻小组主张买家多多调查价格,他们的发言人 克里斯托佛·马里内略 说到,市场对于掠夺品的价值有激烈的争辩。”这价格是漂浮不定的“,他说,”理论上来讲,有污点的东西只值它真正价值的一小部分,但这些都要看实际情况。非法的大件物品在黑市上可能只值它真正价值的10-15%,但是更小的,跟容易运输的可以值更多。

  伊斯兰国不是第一个用血腥古董来支撑他们的恐怖组织,在1974年,爱尔兰共和军偷走大师级作品,包括维米尔的油画作品写信的夫人和她的女仆,这件作品的估价为1200万美元。

  毁坏、掠夺

  在叙利亚和伊拉克抢夺的文物中,几乎很少会重见天日。他们会消失,大部分会在欧洲,美洲这些对前伊斯兰时代有特殊癖好的地方成为私人藏品,或储存在地下室中,还有些会流入日本和澳洲。如果藏品被重新找回,调查员会花上好几年的时间才有确定的定罪。

  上个月,美国移民和海关执法局(ICE)重新找到了大约60件文物,包括制作精美的亚述王 萨尔贡二世的头像,估价值120万美元。这使失落的宝藏(让人想起一部好莱坞电影)调查追溯到了,当时有消息称迪拜的文物贸易商 哈桑 运输非法货物前往美国。

  土耳其被列为文物的来源国,文件宣称萨尔贡二世的头像价值6500美元。其他的偷运的文物包括埃及的价值57000美元的葬船。一些货物直接被运送至纽约主要的博物馆,美术馆和艺术工作室。

  然而,这些被ICE重新找到的文物要追溯到伊拉克战争时期。考虑到战争会对文物造成严重的损坏,考古学家,博物馆馆长和藏品界其他人士在与五角大楼的官员会晤,想要说服他们保护这些考古遗址。但谈判工作失败了。美国武装竟无耻地在珍贵的考古遗址上建造了一个营地,并把它称作 哈里伯顿的空中花园。

  五角大楼没能成功阻止巴格达国家博物馆被掠夺,相反的是,他们还鼓励这种行为,认为这些文物在其他地方会更加安全。正如来自美国文化产权理事会的 阿什顿·霍金斯说:“文物在市场的合法流通是保护这些文物的最好方法。”

  这对洗劫敞开了大门,超过15000件东西从博物馆被偷走,其中最出名的是有50历史的乌鲁克祭祀瓶(后来被发现时是14块碎片),还有乌尔琴,世界上最古老的乐器,同样,被发现时,损坏严重。

  其余上百件再也没被找到过,还有记载奥斯曼帝国五百年历史的资料丢失了,也有毕加索和米罗的作品被毁于火灾。由这些伊拉克强盗所造成的损失估计达到一百亿。

  这些文物辗转多次后才出现在市场上,可能会花上数十年时间。文物犯罪调查协会的主席 琳达·艾伯森说伊斯兰国在黑市上造成的经济活动难以估量,因为让这些文物重新出现在公众的视野中会花上好几年的时间。比如,柬埔寨吴哥窟的文物在国家内战结束40年之后才出现在拍卖会上。

  买下这些来源不明的文物的收藏家对破坏世界文化遗产都应承担巨大责任,但是这已经成为了一种非常危险的游戏。土耳其和贝鲁特出名的偷运者(可能是他们偷运了萨尔贡二世的头像)行踪已经非常隐秘了,他们对买家也极其不信任。如果这些文物是从伊斯兰国手中拿到的,他们不仅会被揭发和蒙受损失,还会面临支援恐怖主义的指控,这可以说是对文物非法交易的最有力的打击。

  托福阅读素材:中英文的有趣差别

  语言是相通的,但往往学得好中文的人,英语却不见得好。相比中文,英语逻辑几乎是“理科”式的。中文强调意合,也就是意思上的连接,在写作时可以天马行空;而英文强调形合,也就是形式上首先遵循严格的规范,句子和句子要有严密的逻辑联系。所以,中国人学英文需兼顾其理科、文科属性;充分理解语法规则,大量阅读,两者缺一不可。

  在教学中我曾发现一个很有意思的规律:那些中文写作 (尤其是抒情类散文) 好的学生,往往在英文写作中犯逻辑不清的错误。他们写的文章常常句和句之间缺乏清晰的逻辑和连接,文章的汉语化思维痕迹非常明显。

  另外,我发现自己很多时候更乐于阅读英文和用英文写作,尤其是在理解具有复杂逻辑关系的问题时。相信这样的感觉很多英语熟练到一定程度的国人也有。上述的现象,反映出本文想讨论的第一个论点:相对中文,英文算是一门理科。

  所谓理科,我们指某门学科内部存在自洽周全的逻辑体系。对于一门语言来说,这个逻辑体系首先是语法。就语法体系而言,这个世界上恐怕没有什么语言比中文与英文更不同的。

  一个很有意思的证据是,李光耀先生在新加坡努力推行了中英文双语教育后发出慨叹:要把中英文都学到母语的程度几乎是不可能的。这一点在海外华人家庭里也很常见:美籍华人家庭的第二代孩子中,很少有能同时以母语的熟练程度掌握中英文的书面语言。

  但同样有意思的是,一些来自欧洲的移民家庭,例如父亲是德国人,母亲是法国人,孩子出生并成长在美国,这样的孩子往往能以母语的熟练程度掌握英语、法语和德语这三种不同的书面语言。这期间的原因值得玩味。

  仔细思考中文的表述习惯,你会发现中文和英语有很大的差异。我们以前曾谈过英文中有动词时态和单复数的概念,名词有性的概念。但这实际上还不是中英语法最核心的差异。

  中英文在语法上最大的差距在于:中文强调意合,也就是意思上的连接,而不强调形式的连接,因此在写作时可以天马行空,肆意挥洒;而英文强调形合,也就是形式上首先遵循严格的规范,句子和句子要有严密的逻辑联系。我们试举一例来说明中文和英文在表述意群时的差异。

“只有四婶,因为后来雇佣的女工,大抵非懒即馋,或者懒而馋,左右不如意,所以也还提起祥林嫂。”(摘自鲁迅《祝福》)

  原文只有一句话,但有两层意思,而且两层意思之间是因果关系。译者将原文拆成两句话,“四婶是唯一还提起祥林嫂的人, 是因为…”, 所以翻译成下文。

“My aunt was the only one who still spoke of Xianglin’s wife, because most of the maids hired afterwards turned out either lazy or greedy and none of them amounted to satisfaction.”

  但翻译成这样,我们便会发现这个逻辑其实有问题:为什么其他的女工懒惰了就一定会导致只有四婶才会提到祥林嫂呢 ?是不是说其他的女工懒到不愿意提祥林嫂? 如果是那样,那馋嘴又是什么逻辑呢?

  这样的文章,虽然是文学巨匠鲁迅所写,但给西方人看,他们必然会提出这样的疑问来。说实话,我也有同样的疑问。

  再举一例,“他不干,我干”,就这没么一句话,至少可以有四种理解:

  1、假设关系:(如果)他不干,(那么)我(来)干。

  2、因果关系:(因为)他不干,(所以)我(才)干。

  3、转折关系:他不干,(但是)我干。

  4、让步关系:(即使)他不干,我(也)干。

  在此我们大抵可以看得出,中文的表述隐去了许多逻辑关系,而且这些隐去的逻辑关系其实不太经得起推敲。上述两例都还是现代汉语。

  要知道,现代汉语还是五四运动时一些接受了西学影响的先驱们将汉语进行了现代化并融入了西洋语系的很多特征后形成的语言。

  所以,我们能想象我们祖先使用的古汉语,没有标点,不拘泥于有主谓,更别提连词,那种肆意挥洒、飘逸灵动的感觉了。

  例如,《诗经·郑风·子衿》里说“青青子衿,悠悠我心”,咱们先不说这个意境英文可否表述,这其中的逻辑关系已经完全是超出英语语法的能力范畴了,因为这两句话中间压根就没啥明确的逻辑关联。

  所以,我一直以为,中文是一门相当写意的语言。说得好听点,诗意、飘逸、灵动。说得难听点,随意、混乱,不够严谨。

  例如,有这样一篇心灵鸡汤式文章:“教育走得太快,灵魂跟不上”,标题就是中文的拿手好戏。其中有句话“教育非他,乃心灵的转向”,我对此琢磨了许久也没有弄明白转向的意思是什么。是从愚昧向启蒙转向?还是从功利向淡泊转向?从文章的内容看似乎都不是。

  对于中西语言的差异,著名语言学家王力先生曾经说:

“西洋语的结构好像连环,虽则环与环都联络起来,毕竟有联络的痕迹;中国语结构好像无缝天衣,只是一块一块的拼凑,凑起来还不让它有痕迹;西洋语法有很多呆板的要求,如每一个clause里必须有一个主语,而中国语法只以达意为主,如初系的目的语可兼次席的主语,又如相关的两件事可以硬凑在一起,不用任何的connective word。”

  这样的评价,其中有没有民族主义意味和夜郎自大的心态,各位自行判断。

  语言是一个民族最重要的文化标记,是文化的载体。语言的发展和演化是一个民族的思维方式的结果,但又反过来影响这个民族的思维方式。中文的特点反映了华人几千年的重意、重神、重风骨、重玄虚的传统哲学和美学思想影响,而英语的特点则反映出西方人重视逻辑,重实证的思维方式。

  也许,这样的差异能否解释东西方文明在进入文艺复兴后南辕北辙的发展方向呢?

  洋洋千言,旨在把中文和英文在行文组织这个最底层上的差异讲清讲透。在这一点上,中英文的差距是如此之大,以致于学好英语必须要彻底抛弃汉语思维才可以。

  但这一点对于德国人学法语和英语就不适用。因为整个西方语言都遵循大致相同的语法规则。这样,也许我们更容易理解为什么马克思能学好那么多们语言了。对西洋人而言,学习一门外语无需太多思维的转换,因而难度也低了许多。

  所以,我们中国人在学习英语时,一定注意英语相对于汉语的数学属性。弄通弄透其中的语法规是必须的,死记硬背是没有用的。记住,对于母语是中文的英语学习者而言,英语有些类似计算机编程C语言:他们都遵循严格的形式逻辑。

  那么,英语就等同于数学吗?当然不是。它还是一门语言。凡是语言都有约定俗成的灵活性,都遵循熟能生巧的规律。

  所以,当我们开始学习英语时,我们需要借助理性来搞清某个语法或文法,但在熟练以后我们的人脑就自然具备了一种近似于直觉的处理能力去轻松应对这些规则。

  就像我们的人脑可以迅速地判断某一张脸型是美还是丑,而不用去分析计算眼睛的间距和嘴巴大小之间的比例等问题。

  从这个层面上说,语言相对于数学而言又是一门文科。学好它需要经历一个大量的操练应用并内化的过程。而完成这个过程最好的办法就是大量的阅读。在阅读中,英文的语法和组织方式被反复地呈现和被解析,久而久之,这些规律就逐渐融入了我们的直觉中了。

  所以,中国人要学好英文,必须要兼顾其理科属性和文科属性。充分理解语法规则,大量阅读,两者缺一不可。至于他们之间的先后顺序,我们的经验是:因人而异。

  但有一点肯定的:没有语法基础的大量阅读难以施行,基本无效。而这个语法体系如何建立呢?我们的经验是,按照中国学校教科书的语法体系无法做到高屋建瓴式的领悟,学生们往往是只能建立一些支离破碎的块状知识,并且常常只见树木,不见森林。

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍7

  托福阅读速度如何怎样提升

  1、Skimming是只看主要大意的速读。

  一篇文章的大意是有重点的。比如,当出现first second的这种归类总结的地方,或because,as a result这样的因果关系,或是 but,however的语意转折处,都需要格外留心。

  托福阅读文章讲述主要观点之后通常会有for example来佐证,如果看懂了主要观点,那么对示例所用的时间和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍阅读文章意图抓住文章大意时是非常重要的。

  2、Scanning是“扫描”。

  但具体到阅读中,大家最熟悉的莫过于查词典时。在有意识地去查某个生词的时候,我们不会去把它所在的页上每一个字都看一遍才找到想要的。

  几乎眼睛对词典中的一页扫一下,脑中只有要找的字,看到它,其他的地方都像没有看到一样。在托福的阅读中,scanning的技巧在回答问题时,根据题干中问到的内容,在文章中scan,可以帮助考生准确地定位,找到答案。

  托福阅读快速做题的方法

(1)主题段和主题句的关键词。

  托福文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的,因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时,文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。

(2)时间和数字。

  一般来说,出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关,作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的,因此,除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象,考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题,一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词,二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式,考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字,以便于之后做题时的查询。

(3)人名、地名和专有名词。

  这些概念在文章中出现的时候,一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记,非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外,当提到这几个具体的概念时,文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点,因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。

(4)举例主体。

  有的时候,为了说明某些理论和观点,文章中会出现大段的举例文字。实际上,托福考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少,而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此,考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了,至于例子中所阐述的具体信息,可以适当忽略。

(5)新概念和局部核心概念。

  所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时,之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现,意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题,所以,新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念,对于这种概念来说,无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意,因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。

(6)重要的逻辑关系。

  很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容,但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系,因而对信息关联理解不准确,这也是一种严重的错误。因此,在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。

  在新托福阅读中进行快速笔记是有效地把握文章结构,记录重要信息的手段,此外,掌握快速笔记的方法,养成“边读边记”的习惯,会让研究效率大大提高。从这个角度来看,同学们更应该以托福考试为契机,培养自己这种良好的阅读习惯,从而在学习和研究中达到事半功倍的效果。

  托福阅读考试需要留检查时间吗

  这是很多托福考生的疑问,因为托福阅读考试的时间很紧张,考生对于做题就已经够匆忙了,又怎么会有检查的时间呢?但是到底托福阅读要留检查时间吗?我们一起来看看吧!

  托福阅读考试的时间是按篇来给的,也就是每篇托福阅读文章只给你20分钟的时间完成,提早完成了第一篇,并不会给你下一篇留有更充足的时间。所以,即使你能提前做完一篇也只能检查刚刚做完的这一篇,而一般情况下,这样短的时间是检查不出来什么错误的,因为你的思维还是停留在写答案的时候。

  所以在托福阅读考试中,我们应该尽量争取一次做对,阅读时候速度可以比平时放慢一些,耐心读取题目的中心句。另外可以在考试过程中对一些提问关键信息作下笔记,帮助你更迅速定位题目,因为文章本身是会高亮标明一些问题中涉及的句子和要求解释的单词,所以有的时候连笔记都可以省掉。

  另外大家要注意的就是时间来不及的情况。这就要求大家平时训练时候,还是坚持一次性原则为好,尽量把答完一篇文章的时间控制在16分钟内,这是一个参考标准,如果达不到这个阅读速度,面临真题时候就会遭遇很大的难度,根本来不及检查。

  托福阅读需要留检查时间吗?通过上面的内容我们可以看出,在托福阅读备考中,不提倡大家留托福阅读检查时间。这样也可以促使大家在做题的时候比以前更加集中注意力,托福阅读考试的正确率也就会有所增加。

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍8

  为了避免出现考试答不完的情况,考生在平时就要养成限时练习的习惯,严格要求自己在规定考试时间内完成写作。有些考生习惯了在没有时间压力的情况下进行练习,虽然最后写出的文章思路清晰、内容丰富,但是这种答题方式不利于在考场上发挥出真正水平。如果考生在规定时间内完不成写作,一定要认真分析原因。如果是在思路组织或者打字速度上出了问题,那么就按照以上方法加强基础练习。如果是在内容展开方面出现了问题,那么平时就要注意多积累一些素材和范例,以便在考试中借鉴和引用。总之,考生在考场上要把握好时间,不要因为时间问题而导致失分。

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍9

  积累素材是备考托福独立写作的一项重要任务。如果我们在平时能够多积累一些写作素材,那么到了考场上就不会感到无话可说,写作速度自然也就提升上来了。我们可以参考一些写作范文,在学习的过程中把文中的好词好句以及例子按照话题进行分类并整理下来。除此之外,我们的亲身经历也是写作素材的重要来源。我们可以把自己在生活中的感悟记录下来,在相关的话题作文中当作例子来使用,会比摘抄下来的例子更生动、运用更自如。所以,考生要做一个有心人,在平时的学习生活中注意观察和思考,学会对事情做出判断和评价,这样在写作考试中就可以信手拈来,提高写作的速度。

  写作想要拿到高分必需要提升托福写作能力,大家在备考中总是容易忽略掉这一方面。上文中为大家总了三点托福写作速度提升攻略,希望大家学习以后能落实到实际行动中。

  托福考试作文独立写作范文:政府提升公众医疗保健

  真题回顾

  The mostimportant thing for government to improve health care is to clean theenvironment.

  点睛

  题目大意:对政府来说,提升公众医疗保健最重要的是去清洁环境。此题目为绝对词的题目,波波建议选择不同意,采用承认合理性,反驳绝对性的结构来写作。具体来说,承认合理性,即承认清洁环境在健康保健方面的重要性;反驳绝对性,通过给出其他可以提升健康保健的方式来驳掉清理环境是最重要的方式。

  写作参考一:

  Do you agree or disagree: The most important thing for government to improve health care is to clean the environment.

  as economy advances, the consequences caused by industrial development become starker and various environmental problems cover the whole world. Then comes one of the most serious issues that people’s health is confronted with huge challenges. Surely, a number of solutions have been raised and discussed and as for whether the most important thing for the government to improve health care is to clean the energy, I cast doubt on it.

  Undeniably, cleaning the environment is an effective way to ensure people’s health. For instance, if the air pollution can be bridled, there will be fewer chances for citizens living in Beijing or TianJin suffering the respiratory diseases. Besides, citizens in Flint City could drink clean water if the water source was not acidified to erode the pipeline of tap water. However, the threats human beings are faced with do not only come from the environmental problems and the government has to lay more emphasis on the other two areas.

  For one thing, the outbreak of viruses that could sparkle off widespread epidemics is a killer to human beings. Reflecting history can help us explore how the devastating viruses tortured human beings and the death toll was astounding. For instance, the once spread of cholera once caused the death of more than a million civilians in Russia and malaria is a kind of serious malady that could cause the death of several hundred thousand in Africa in the past. The good news is those viruses were under control finally after the efforts made by numerous medical experts. However, in recent years, people are still under huge threats of many newly found viruses like Ebola, Zika that still remain highly dangerous and could trigger huge damage to people’s physical health. Even worse, a reported man in America was found dying of Zika virus. Therefore, it is more urgent and indispensable for the government to invest to the development of medical technology.

  For another thing, while analyzing the influence factors leading to the sub-health of most city employees, the deficiency in engaging sports can be found as one of the primary contributors. Therefore, there is necessity for the government to build more available sporting facilities nearby the communities for city workers who have to be fully involved in their career and cannot vacate enough time to either go to Gym or farther places for exercises. Take friends around me as an example. Most of them cannot afford to spend time in playing sports, one of who called Jason working as a software engineer can only get off work till 10 o’clock PM. Another friend of mine has to travel across the country for business trips several times a month. The combination of long-term involvement in career and no chance to work out lead to the obesity and the declining immunity. However, if there is a public Gym constructed around my friends’ residency, the possibilities of doing exercises could be higher and the physical conditions could be better. Accordingly, to maintain the physical health of citizens, it is more practical for the government to invest more to the construction of sports infrastructure as far as my friends are concerned.

  In a word, even though cleaning environment means a lot to the citizens’ health care, developing medical technology and building sporting facilities can be more related to our health.

  写作参考二:

  With the gradually raised awareness of health, how to improve health care has become an issue of public concern and interest. Many scientists and environmentalists have fully realized the negative impact of environmental deterioration on the public health and propose that the most important thing for government to improve health care is to clean the environment. However, in my eyes, the above viewpoint has oversimplified the complicated situation.

  Indeed, a clean environment plays an important role in improving health care, because various environmental pollutions have posed a threat to the public health. To illustrate, the haze occurring in large cities of China has made thousands of people fall victims to respiratory diseases. However, it is a piece of overemphasis to claim that cleaning the environment is the most important way for government to improve health care, because there are other two ways which are equally important.

  First of all, developing medical technology is another effective way to improve health care. Given the indisputable fact that there remain many incurable diseases such as cancer and AIDS across the globe, the appropriate technology of treatment and therapy is in great need. As a result, government is supposed to assume the responsibility of making progress in medical techniques, for the sake of curing the serious diseases and thus prolonging the life expectancy. The elemination of SARS in the year of can be a good case in point. Upon the outbreak of SARS, most cities and provinces in China are affected. Immediately, the government not only assembled a group of medical professionals and excellent experts, but also allocated massive investment in the medical research for vaccine. Unexpectedly, the emergency was perfectly addressed and the same is true of curing other diseases.

  besides that, government should place emphasis on improving the sports infrastructure. As is common sense, governmental support for public sports facilities can create a place for the average people to work out regularly. Obviously, the more exercise people engage in, the stronger their immune system will become. The sound immune system can serve as a shield to resist various diseases, which finally lead to the better health of the public. Take my own experience as an example. In my community, the sports facilities contain nothing but a track in disrepair and a swing for kids. In this case, the residents have nowhere to do sports even though they may be willing to. However, if the local government could invest a sum of money to build new playgrounds and establish Pingpang tables, I bet lots of people will become interested in exercising, thus becoming more physically healthy.

  Fatoring what has been discussed above in, we can draw the conclusion that it is an exaggeration to say that the most important thing for government to improve health care is to clean the environment. I firmly recommend that government should attach equal importance to the above three measures in order to improve health care.

  托福考试作文独立写作范文:小学生应多学科技吗

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: primary schools should spend more time on teaching young students (5-11years old) technology (like computer) than teaching music and art.

  托福写作范文参考:

  The question of “ what is the most important subject or skill the elementary schools should teach? ” has never failed to attract attention from educators, school administrators and even politicians especially when it comes to subjects like technology, or music and art. Some argue that school should spend more time teaching technology than music and art. Personally, I am not in favor of this position based on the following reasons.

  admittedly, with the advent of internet and state-of-art gadgets like laptop, tablets, being able to use computers skillfully is being considered as a valuable quality. However, early exposure to computers and other kinds of technological products might bring lots of risks and problems to kids’ future development. Recently research by National Society of Psychiatrists shows that exposure to computers at an early age leads to addiction to computers when they grow older and obviously spending too much time in front of the computer can pose a threat to kids’ health, to be more specific, it leads to neck problems, nearsightedness, backache and even childhood obesity. Moreover, instead of getting addicted to playing on-line games and watching meaningless videos, kids should have spent more time focusing on their academic study, or even learning how to appreciate artwork or music. Indeed, spending more time learning art and music not only benefits the kids, but also it is conducive the community as whole.

  First off, learning art and music at an early age helps to develop creativity and make the kids more imaginative. Actually, lots of scientific research in the psychological field shows that early exposure to art and music not only boosts academic achievement but also promotes creativity, self-confidence and school pride; kids who spend more time in learning art and music end up having higher analytical thinking and reasoning skills than kids who don’t.

  additionally, spending more time teaching kids music and art can can benefit the whole community. Music and art are a very important part of people’s lives. They are necessary for people to express their emotions, like happiness, sorrow, and even anger regardless of cultural background, ethnicity, age and even gentle. It is very urgent to spend more time teaching kids knowledge about art and music since they bring change, facilitate innovation and help to unite the community. They are the reminder of the past and maker of tomorrow, they also help to convey ideas and different perspectives. More importantly, art and music have great cultural significance, by learning art and music kids will have a strong sense of cultural identity and sense of belonging to community, eventually the traditional values and culture can be passed down to the younger generation.

  To conclude, it is more advisable to spend more time teaching kids art and music than technology since not only can art and music benefit the individual kid but also it benefits the community as a whole.

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍10

  托福阅读速度提升方法:学会找定位词!

  一.什么是托福阅读定位词?

  其实很简单,打个比方,你和朋友约好了去酒吧,朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面,这个酒吧你是不知道地点的,也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知,那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。在这里新东方是已知的,就是用来定位的词汇,而酒吧则是你的目的所在,也便是你要找的答案。

  定位词的称呼有很多,如关键词,主旨词,功能词,中心词等等。这些只是个名称罢了,含义都是一致的:一个可以根据题干回原文定位,并能够找到出处的词,这个题干中的词就是定位词or key word。

  二.定位词具体特征分析

  定位词总体特征:不可变性和细节性

  不可变性:定位词是用来定位的,所以必须找那些回原文依然不变的词汇,才有意义。通常不用动词和副词来定位。通常是名词或充当定语的形容词。

  细节性:不要找大概念的词汇,更不要拿代表全文主旨的词汇来定位。换句话说不要找那些原文一大堆的词汇,无法定位。

  如,95年英国剑桥委员会British Council给出的唯一样题文章的题目是:The Spectacular Eruption of Mount St.Helens

  下面有一道选择题是“According to the text the eruption of Mount St.Helens and other volcanoes has influenced our climate by…”

  拿这道题为例,如果大家把Mount St.Helens作为关键词回原文进行定位,那你会郁闷致死,全文主要讲的就是圣海伦斯火山的喷发,原文有N多个Mount St.Helens,所以即使这个词属于大写的专有名词,但他违背了细节性,是概括性的词汇,也不能作为定位词来寻找答案。

  究竟哪些词在托福阅读当中充当定位词?

  三.托福阅读中的定位词都有哪些类别?

  1.特殊词汇

  在阅读中有一些词张的比较特殊,这种词很容易被记住,也很容易回原文定位。

  好比,在大街上上看到一个人光着身子跑步-------特殊难看

  一个人的个子超高,像姚明一样------特殊长

  一个人身上穿着10多种颜色的衣服,而且不停的摇头-----特殊怪

  特殊怪,特殊长,特殊难

  这三种词就是特殊词的所有特征,在文中看到这样的词,一定要警惕。如,

  Sequoia美洲杉---特殊怪,很好定位,也经常作为考点。

  Sodium【化学】钠---特殊难,大家只要知道是一种化学元素足矣。

  Simultaneous同时的---特殊长,这种词本身的特点决定应作为定位词。

  2.数字:通常指时间,金钱和百分比。

  有一个道题目是这样问的:

“What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions before 1980?”

  那么像1980 3185$ 69%这些词因为长相原因,段落全是英文,突然跑出来几个数字,十分显眼,也就很好回原文找到他们。

  3.专有名词:

  斜体字,大写人名,地名,大写的专有名词,这一点大家都很熟悉,不用多说。

  4.特殊符号:

  在特殊符号里或者旁边的词,最好通过符号回原文进行定位,如“paper conversation”,(three cubic miles)这些词本身并没有什么特别,但放在符号里面,就可以根据符号回原文进行寻找。

  托福阅读真题原题+题目

  Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year — 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life.

  The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs — even without technological improvements — had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.

  For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers.

  1. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The difficulties of industrialization in North America

(B) The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers

(C) The rapid speed of industrialization in North America

(D) Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods

  2. The word boosted in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) ensured

(B) raised

(C) arranged

(D) discouraged

  3. The word scope in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) value

(B) popularity

(C) extent

(D) diversity

  4. The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of how

(A) entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork system

(B) entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output

(C) rural workers responded to shoe bosses

(D) changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes

  5. All of the following are mentioned as effects of changes in the shoe industry during the 1820's

  and 1830's EXCEPT

(A) an increase in the worker's dependence on entrepreneurs

(B) an increase in the wages paid to journeymen shoemakers

(C) a decline in the workers ability to control the speed of production

(D) a decrease in the price of shoes

  6. All of the following are true of the outwork system EXCEPT

(A) It involved stages of production.

(B) It was more efficient than the systems used before 1790.

(C) It made many employers less powerful than they had been before.

(D) It did not necessarily involve any technological improvements.

  7. The word prolific in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) efficient

(B) productive

(C) self-employed

(D) progressive

  8. According to the passage , how did later mills differ from the mills differ from the mill built by

  Oliver Evans?

(A) They were located away from large cities.

(B) They used new technology to produce power.

(C) They did not allow flour to cool before it was placed in Barrels.

(D) They combined technology with the outwork system.

  9. The word it in line 25 refers to

(A) water power

(B) machinery

(C) grain

(D) mill

  10. The passage mentions which of the following as a result of improvements in factory

  Machinery?

(A) It become easier for factory' owners to find workers and customers.

(B) Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.

(C) The amount of power required for factories operate was reduced.

(D) Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.

  11. The word eager in line 30 is closest in meaning to

(A) wealthy

(B) knowledgeable

(C) regular

(D) enthusiastic

  pASSAGE 94 DBCAB CBBCA D

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍11

  托福写作提升方法丨你是否了解审题的重要性?

  一.托福写作审题的重要性

  托福写作很多人都在练习如何写,如何能有一个漂亮的文笔,这时不少人都忽略了托福作文题目本身,其实托福写作经验提醒大家一个好的开始真的是成功的一半,一定要先把题目弄懂再进行写作。

  在托福考场上时间无疑是最为宝贵的,那么怎么能在有限的时间内争分夺秒,迅速阅读并理解题目,理清思路,并组织好语言呢?这需要我们在平时不断大量的练习,以及在每次练习后总结经验教训,以免下次再犯同样的错误。那么在平时的练习以及在考场上,审题无疑是最为重要的环节之一,因为它直接与我们的写作内容相联系,如果我们审题出现了偏差,那么不管我们的语言多么优美生动,不管我们的结构多么合理分明,我们的作文都是不合格的,所以,我们在练习及考试时,都不能不重视审题这一步骤,务必要在最短的时间内抓住题目的关键词,正确理解要求,保证迅速而准确的解读出题目的隐含意义,并迅速梳理出自己的思路,树立自己的观点,写出一篇高质量的作文来。

  二.如何审好题目

  我们应该熟悉托福作文题目的主要类型,托福写作经验提醒大家要明确托福独立写作主要有几种形式,每种形式的代表词是什么,对于该种类型的题目又有什么方法可以解,哪种方法最为有效最为快速,哪种方法最为百搭,哪种方法容易写出高质量的作文来。

  这就要求我们在平时的写作练习中多加思考,积极总结,并且要了解自己的长处和弱项,有针对性的进行练习,这样不但知己知彼,还能扬长避短,保证我们在托福独立写作中得到高分。在平时的练习中,我们阅读题目时,不但要注意题目所讨论的主要问题,究竟是属于经济类还是教育类,更应该抓住一些看似不是重点的虚词,比如 “must”、“should”以及“the most”等等。这些词不但修饰了题目中所要表达的问题,更标志了该种题目的类型,在解题思路上给我们提示。

  不管是在平时的托福写作练习还是考场上面,我们都应该抓住关键词,这个关键词不仅仅指“经济”、“教育”这一类词,更是“必须”、“应该”这种表示情感或者说表示态度的词。这种词直接关系到我们可以采取什么态度来回应题目,是完全同意,还是部分同意,亦或者是完全不同意。在平时多多研究这些词语和解题思路的关系,总结相应的套路,能够在考场上为我们节省大量的时间,提升解题效率和准确度,并且帮助我们战无不胜。

  总之,在阅读题目时,我们要抓住每一个关键词,深入理解他们的意思,分析不同题目之间相同之处,总结出托福独立写作的套路来,只有通过大量练习和不断总结,我们才能更全面的理解托福独立写作的要求,从而写出符合要求的作文来。

  托福写作模板:书本知识与实践经验

  Task:It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?.

  托福写作模板范文参考:

  We all crave knowledge, especially in this Age of Information, but what is the best source of knowledge? Are we to believe Albert Camus, who stated” The place we are to get knowledge is in books”? Or are we better served by following Albert Einstein's counsel that “The only source of knowledge is experience”? Although books have their place in one's learning, there is no substitute for experience; indeed, it is experience that is ultimately the most important source of knowledge.

  First, let us consider the knowledge needed to undertake a profession-for example, that of a physician. Knowledge gained from books provides the foundation of a doctor's training: study in a medical school begins with a near-overload of reading on anatomy, physiology and maladies both rare and common. However, during this time the medical student is also learning through experience, beginning with dissecting cadavers from almost the first day of medical school. Then, the aspiring physician must complete four years of residency, consisting of actual supervised experience at a hospital in which he or she now must put into practice all of the knowledge he or she has edge of dealing with patients, prescribing medication, and the joy and sadness of saving and losing patients; in other words, it is through experience that these residents finally learn what it means to be a doctor.

  What about knowledge other than professional expertise-for example, knowledge about another culture? In this realm as well, both books and real-life experience enrich and edify us. For example, Paris is perhaps the most talked-about and written-about city in the world. We could read Hemingway's A Moveable Feast, in which he describes the excitement and intellectual spirit-as well as the restaurants and plentiful red wine-of Paris in the 1920's. Or, we could travel to Paris and eat at bistros, walk across the Pont Neuf and look at the river Seine, visit the Louvre museum, and have adventures of our own. Clearly, most people would have attained more lasting and vivid knowledge by visiting Paris on their own rather than reading about it secondhand.

  In summary, experience, rather than books, is more central to our quest for learning, especially with regard to professional expertise. With regard to learning about another culture, experience is also irreplaceable. Yet not everyone in the world will have the health or financial resources to carry out a trip to Paris. But many people have access to a local library where they can borrow A Moveable Feast and, at no cost, read Hemingway's vibrant descriptions of Paris. We cannot forget the complementary and unique knowledge afforded by books, but experience is the most precious source of knowledge.

  托福写作之攻略长句子

  那什么时候使用长句,什么时候使用短句?

  在你要表达中心思想的时候,也就是在写主题句的时候,建议使用短句,因为写中心思想的时候需要在一句话当中把你的主要观点论述清楚,在这种情况下短句的表现力会更好。

  在你要表达复杂概念,且这些概念存在因果、对比、时间等逻辑关系的时候,你可以使用长句,这样能让你一句话当中补充的信息比较多,也证明你对英语句子的掌握会比较充分。

  所以说,山不在高有仙则名,水不在深有龙则灵,句不在长够用就行。

  今天主要介绍三种让句子写得更长、更富有变化的方法。第一种,句子开头的变化。第二种,平行结构。第三种,分词结构。

  句子开头的变化

  首先,句子开头的变化目的是让句子变得更多样。它对句子长度的增加,并不那么明显。

  让我们看个例子:Immediately, the police officer got out of the car and asked for my driver’s license.,immediately放在句首,可以让句子更多样,看起来富于变化。

  再看一个例子:Farmlands, However, were less possible to be polluted because of fewer factories in the past. 那这句又把however又放在了主语的后边,谓语动词的前边,组成了一个插入语也可以。像这种句首的副词是一种变化方式。

  第二,你可以用短语来开头。看这个例子,In the arena, fans stood with their hands over their hearts and sang the National Anthem with the purpose of showing respect to their country. 大家注意看,这一个单句,但是这句话写的也比较长,你看一下,开头是用了一个In the arena,然后在句子的末尾加了一个介词短语with purpose of doing something。前边加了一个介词短语,后边加了一个介词短语,那整个这句话变得就比较长了,也变得比较多样了。所以说介词短语,也可以让你的句子变得多样,且长度增加。

  接下来还有一种方式,就是在句子的开头放上一个不定式,比如说To win,或者是写成in order to win,candidates need to convey a clear message that is not contaminated by the opposition. 前边加了一个in order to或者是to,也可以让句子变得多样,且长度增加。

  还有一种方式,利用现在分词来开头,比如说,Tapping the power of being seen, the Oscar nominees appeared on late-night television, morning news programs, and in glossy magazines. ,现在分词tapping就可以起到让句子开头有变化的这种作用,但是注意,tapping出现ing的时候证明这个词的主语跟后面主句的主语一致,这种情况下才可以使用ing的形式来开头。

  同样呢,我们还可以使用过去分词做开头,但这种情况下要求后一句的主语要和前边的这个分词形成被动关系,比如说,Seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.,其实就是 the earth is seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.。所以说这种情况下注意主动和被动关系就行了。主动用ing,被动用过去分词,也就是ed。所以说我们稍微总结一下,句子开头变化可以句首+副词,还可以用短语来开头,还可以用不定式,还可以用分词结构。

  平行结构

  第二种方式,平行结构这种方式其实非常好用,往往被大家忽视。比如说:My embarrassment stemmed not from the money lostbut from the notoriety gained.,所以说这个地方在说的时候你要想清楚,你看这句话not from...,but from...,这是不是一种平行的短语结构啊,让你的句子变得更加的丰富。

  第二呢,She wanted her audience to remember the protest song and to understand its origin.,to remember...,and to understand...,这两个不定式同时也构成了一个平行的结构。

  第三句,The team members vowed that they would support each other, that they would play their best, and that they would win the tournament.,注意,这三个平行结构是怎么构成的呢?三个宾语从句,that...,that...,and that...,所以说这一下这个句子就能拉长。再看下边一个例子,Whether her goals include publicizing student and faculty research or increasing research funding, she always works to improve research facilities.,注意,whether后边加的是publicizing...or increasing...,所以说用doing的方式也可以构成平行结构。

  在这里大家想一想,究竟什么是平行结构呢。那这个平行结构说的简单点,就是用同样的结构来并列,形成一种关系。常见的呢,可以引导平行结构的短语有:

  both...and...;either...or...;neither...nor...;not only...but also...;whether...or...

  这都是大家很熟悉的短语。只不过大家平时用的时候都是用名词,both A and B,A和B都是简单的名词或者代词,你没有想想是不是可以用短语来代替这些词,也可以加长句子的长度。

  分词结构

  第三种,就是分词结构。分词结构我们主要说分词做后置作定语的这种方式。

  比如说看例子:By contrast, people living in the cityare suffering from various diseases caused by the environmental contamination, for pollutants from factories and automobiles are continually being discharged into the air and rivers.

  这句话里边people living in the city其实就是people who live in the city,主动语态放在后边就可以用一个doing的形式来简化这个定语从句,后边那个various diseases caused by...,其实就是diseases which are caused by...,所以说这种过去分词也可以做后置定语,只要和前边的是个被动的关系就可以了。因此,这种分词结构也能够使句子变得更加丰富更加多样,然后长度也会相应拉长。

  总结

  前面我们在讲解的过程当中一直在说这个问题,你要让你的句子多样,要让你的句子变长。你发现了吗,变长的时候我们的主力句型是什么呢,就是从句,或者分词,再加上一个并列句,简单的讲就是,你要写成,when I get up, I go to school, and...,怎么怎么怎么样。这样一句话就可以把它拉长。在你写从句的时候,你也可以考虑使用分词来替换,因此呢,这就是我们让句子变长的几个小的技巧。

  最后给大家来一个结构非常清楚的长句例子:

  both involving in program engineering and in the after-sale service, Tom could not only sharpen his skills in his major—computer science by being elected as one of top ten programmers in the company but also he could cultivate a new skill—fluently and efficiently communicate with others by answering dozens of calls of complaints from the customers every day.(60 words)

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍12

  托福阅读备考:托福阅读速度如何提升?

  一. 阅读文章读不懂,如何提升阅读速度

  托福阅读文章还是有一定难度的,很多同学初次接触托福都觉得托福文章读不懂或者需要花费很久才能弄懂意思。那么读不懂文章如何提升阅读速度呢?从根本上讲,阅读读不懂是因为词汇量和语法基础太差。所以建议先背托福词汇,看一遍基础语法知识。词汇是阅读的根基,没有词汇量做基础,阅读速度是不可能有很大提升的。托福阅读要求大家有很快的阅读速度,如果一篇阅读中生词太多,就算快速读完也不知道文章的意思。除了背单词之外,还要掌握基本的语法知识,英语句子结构与中文很不相同,掌握语法知识有助于大家理解文章中的长难句。所以总的来说,文章读不懂要先将基本功练扎实。

  二. 题目做太慢,如何提升做题速度

  有的同学表示,阅读文章能读懂,但就是题目做的太慢,所以做阅读总是超时。题目做的慢,其实是因为缺乏做题技巧,不能快速在原文中定位题目位置。阅读打好基础以后,要学习一些做题的技巧,比如小结题应该通读文章段落找答案,推理题要根据文章意思推理得出,词汇题要将选项带入原句看是否通顺……做题技巧是提升阅读做题速度的高效方法。托福阅读题目是按顺序出题,基本上按照文章的文章结构对应题目,大家在做题的时候要快速定位题目位置,结合上下文快速选出答案。托福阅读题目中很多选项似是而非非常具有迷惑性,一定要提高辨别能力,选择最佳选项%e

提升托福写作速度的正确方法介绍13篇相关文章:

教师教学方法心得体会10篇 如何提升教师教学方法和措施心得体会

初探班主任与家长的沟通技巧班主任工作艺术3篇(班主任如何与家长沟通方法与技巧)

爱心折纸的制作方法图解2篇 简单的爱心折纸制作方法

苹果的栽培方法及功效与作用3篇(苹果的栽培方法及功效与作用文章)

中考数学复习方法策略3篇(初三数学中考备考策略)

地铁施工方法3篇 城市地铁常用的施工方法

折纸小船的方法图文教程2篇 简单小船折纸教程

高中历史学习方法12篇(学高中历史的方法)

高二语文备考复习方法分享3篇

工会组建方法及程序推荐3篇(组建工会的方法和程序)